{"id":12463,"date":"2019-12-12T09:14:38","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T09:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12463"},"modified":"2019-12-12T09:14:38","modified_gmt":"2019-12-12T09:14:38","slug":"%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%91%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%99%e1%83%9d-%e1%83%a1%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a2%e1%83%94%e1%83%9b%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%ac%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a8%e1%83%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12463","title":{"rendered":"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4<br \/>\n<em>\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 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Today, as in the rest of the world, as well as in Georgia, the banking sector is quite developed and is gradually becoming more complete, flexible. The purpose of this article, however, is not to characterize a developed bank, but to convey the synthesis of the time, essence, cause and purpose of its origin. However, the world&#8217;s first primitive banking relationship dates back to the 12th century.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1) \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc 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\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db 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\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d4.\u10ec. \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0. \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10df\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (,,\u10df\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u00bb \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e5. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 1407 \u10ec. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0. XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. XIV \u10e1-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d3. XVII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8) \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10dd \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 ,,\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u201c. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8. XVII \u10e1-\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd. 1624 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7. 1651 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7, 1714 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d7, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u201e\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u201c, \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u201eBANKO\u201c (\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d8, \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0). \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 16 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8, \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4, \u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1.  \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e3\u10d2\u10e1\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 1508 \u10ec. \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 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\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 1866 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 1860 \u10ec.) \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd. 1871 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u201e\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8). XIX \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 80-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da 85 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, 15 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8. 1875 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 28 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u2013 1876 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10e6\u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>1917 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c, \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e9\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10d2\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e2- \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0. \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1917 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. 1919 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10ef\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10dd-\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1. 1920 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 19 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 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\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0-\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. 1922- 1925 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0: \u201e\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10ea\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd- \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5. 1923 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8. 1923 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u201d, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1929 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 270-\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1927 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dd\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u201c \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1) \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1930 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10dc\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u201c \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10db 1930-1932 \u10ec.\u10ec. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u201e\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>XX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 80-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 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\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da 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\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1920 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1918 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 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\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 _ \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3, \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n 1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 21 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e1\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 1991 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1991 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u2013\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5-\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d5\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10dd-\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.  \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.  \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0  \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong><br \/>\n1. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/qartulibanki.blogspot.com\/2013\/05\/blog-post.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">qartulibanki.blogspot.com<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n2. \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u201e\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10e1\u10d8\u201c &#8211; <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/forbes.ge\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">forbes.ge<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n3. \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lari.ge\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.lari.ge<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n4. \u10d5. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4. \u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e4. \u10e5\u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 &#8211; \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u201c<br \/>\n5. \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 Goguadze3105@gmail.com \u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[120,13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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