{"id":12543,"date":"2020-02-21T06:36:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T06:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12543"},"modified":"2020-02-21T06:36:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-21T06:36:17","slug":"%e1%83%a9%e1%83%a0%e1%83%93%e1%83%98%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%95%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%98-%e1%83%94%e1%83%99%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9c%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9b%e1%83%98%e1%83%99%e1%83%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12543","title":{"rendered":"\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><br \/>\n\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 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The shadow (informal) economy is a part of the national economy that operates in violation of the law, cannot be accounted for by state authorities and does not pay state taxes. To date, it is difficult to say what share the shadow economy has in the country&#8217;s national economy. The shadow economy has the biggest losses for the country, primarily reflected in a more unequal distribution of income. Its existence also leads to an increase in economic inefficiency, a reduction in public revenues due to tax evasion, and a stimulation of corruption in state agencies. I will try to inform you about the situation in Georgia in this regard and answer the question of how &#8220;shadow&#8221; the Georgian economy is. <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0-\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, 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\u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0,\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0,\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0(\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0);<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0(\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0);<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0(\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0);<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea: \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea. \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0; \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8; \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8; \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 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\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0; \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 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\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 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\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10db\u10e8\u10de \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d7<br \/>\n \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea 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\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u201e\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u201c. \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4  \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><br \/>\n\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 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\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<br \/>\n\u2022 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u201e\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8) \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8.  <\/p>\n<p>2018 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 (IMF) \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 158 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 1991-2015 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10d8\u10e1 64.9%-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. . 2015 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 (\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0), \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 53%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 (67%) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 (56%) \u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. <\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 &#8211; \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.  \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7) \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10d0.  \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 (7,2%), \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 (8,3%) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 (8,9%) \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1.  \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 1991 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 2015 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, 2015 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 53.07%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.  <\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. OECD-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 20%-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 1991 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 2015 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 5%-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 52.19%-\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 42.59%, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 31.38%, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 39.73%. <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0., \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8.  \u2013 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 I, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 2009<br \/>\n2. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WP\/Issues\/2018\/01\/25\/Shadow-Economies-Around-the-World-What-Did-We-Learn-Over-the-Last-20-Years-45583\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.imf.org<\/a><br \/>\n3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobaleconomy.com\/Georgia\/shadow_economy\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.theglobaleconomy.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 II \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 anakakhniashvili1@gmail.com \u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 - \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12543\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 - \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 II 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