{"id":12677,"date":"2020-10-16T13:09:56","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T13:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12677"},"modified":"2020-10-16T13:10:44","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T13:10:44","slug":"%e1%83%99%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%a2%e1%83%94%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%91%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%a1%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98%e1%83%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=12677","title":{"rendered":"\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<br \/>\n\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 IV  \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8<br \/>\nMariam.danelia326@eab.tsu.edu.ge<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><br \/>\n\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0. \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4(OPEC)  \u10d3\u10d0  \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 . \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 2020 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u201c.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Annotation<\/strong><br \/>\nThe article scrutinizes cartel as a basic form of Monopoly , gives the short description of their history and development. The attention is given to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) and trends in the world economy. Also , the article discusses the Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war of 2020.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0  \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e6\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 , \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. <\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 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<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 (1939-1945 \u10ec) 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\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc , \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 1945 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d9\u10d8 , \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 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\u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.[1]<\/p>\n<p>70-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2-\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1,  \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 , \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 . \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1,  \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u201e\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8 : \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8- \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8(\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 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\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3: \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 1967 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u201e\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u201c \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8. \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da  \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8  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\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc  \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong><br \/>\n\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8- \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1 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\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0.\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10d3 , \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1,\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1,\u10e5\u10e3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 ,\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 , \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc: \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8(1961\u10ec.), \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 (1962-2008\u10ec\u10ec.), \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0(1962\u10ec.), \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8(1967\u10ec.), \u10d0\u10da\u10df\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8(1969\u10ec.), \u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0(1971\u10ec.), \u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8(1973-1992\u10ec\u10ec. 2007\u10ec.), \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8(1975-1994\u10ec\u10ec.), \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0(2007\u10ec.).[2]<\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1-\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8(\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1965 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8(\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0).\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd.\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8. \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<br \/>\n \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0:<br \/>\no\t\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0;<br \/>\no\t\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0;<br \/>\no\t\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0;<br \/>\no\t\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0;<br \/>\no\t\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7<br \/>\n\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0  \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d7  \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1  \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.1908 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 , \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10d3-\u10d4-\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e6\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 . \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.[2]<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 , \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8.  \u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e6\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 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\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.[2]<br \/>\n\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8  \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10da\u10df\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10df\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.[2]<\/p>\n<p>\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0  \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1  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\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4.\u10ec. \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd. \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e3\u10d6\u10e1 \u201e\u10d0\u10e1\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u201c \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc.[2]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 2020 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1960-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u201c\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d3\u10d0.( 1920-1940-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u201e\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u201e \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc : Standard Oil of New Jersey; Royal Dutch Shell Group; Texaco; Standard Oil of California;  Mobil;  Gulf;  British Petroleum.)[1],[2]<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u201e\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u201c 1973 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea  \u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1,  \u201e\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u201c \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p> \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd 1980 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 36.83 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 .\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 2007  \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 100 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. [2]<\/p>\n<p> \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 2020 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7,  \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 30%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0.[3]<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4  \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea.  \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd .2019 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 13.2% \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1  -\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 , \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10ea. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 1.8% \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0.[4]<\/p>\n<p> \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3  \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e1  \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1  \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3  \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0  \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 . \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0:<\/strong><br \/>\n1)\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopolitica.ru\/article\/mirovaya-tenevaya-ekonomika-karteli?fbclid=IwAR1loi7SLnxSgpUj5xmdcTwgOwX3fTylImJ3THotr1tNrEPn8qu_I0zPXIg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.geopolitica.ru<\/a><br \/>\n2)\t<a href=\"http:\/\/intermedia.ge\/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90\/24632-%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98\/27\/?fbclid=IwAR2M13aR6Hq7t3FRNhMuT_rCYkRwGTlgzGN3929Q8259nAKsYXFVLn1zp7o\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">intermedia.ge<\/a><br \/>\n3)\t<a href=\"https:\/\/sector3.ge\/Libraries\/Download\/376?fbclid=IwAR23UoygCqmZ8dJCX0wJqsANdRxBU9jjZ8T-cG8X6pAP7rP8Q7Ew2pTXrew\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sector3.ge<\/a><br \/>\n4)\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bm.ge\/ka\/article\/-ra-gavlena-sheidzleba-hqondes-navtobis-fasis-vardnas-saqartvelos-ekonomikaze\/50663\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bm.ge<\/a><br \/>\n5)\t<a href=\"https:\/\/sputnik-georgia.com\/opinion\/20200410\/248209617\/OPEC-.html?fbclid=IwAR32cH6XbtW0k3-sVNb_t3-3nxF-W6OG1SuuPOU1bShtZFo-O5wJkOJcN_U\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sputnik-georgia.com<\/a><br \/>\n6)\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.opec.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 IV \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 Mariam.danelia326@eab.tsu.edu.ge \u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[120,13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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