{"id":13047,"date":"2021-02-03T08:57:54","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T08:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=13047"},"modified":"2021-02-03T08:57:55","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T08:57:55","slug":"%e1%83%9e%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%95%e1%83%90%e1%83%a2%e1%83%98%e1%83%96%e1%83%90%e1%83%aa%e1%83%98%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98-%e1%83%9e%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a2%e1%83%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=13047","title":{"rendered":"\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong>
\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u00a0\u00a0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

grishalabadze@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A<\/strong>nnotation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The introduction to the article discusses the importance of private property and privatization, which is logically followed by a description of the forms of privatization. Readers will be introduced to the results of studies that confirm a positive correlation with increasing the scale of private property growth. We will discuss the arguments of both proponents and opponents of privatization. The example of private prisons in the USA is followed by the cases of the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary, and the results of a systematic study. The reality of state-owned companies, the analysis of their and the economic consequences of forest privatization, reveals the growing importance of the road presented in the post-pandemic period. The concluding section presents the purpose of the article and the author’s conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u201c. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8-\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.(https:\/\/matsne.gov.ge<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 , \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 3 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0. \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10dd\u10db  \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db  \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd  \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3, \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10db 100 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, 0.8-1.5%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. (Plane, 1997)  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 45 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 45%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. (Al-Obaidan, 2002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 (\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 15.2%-\u10d8\u10d7). (Boardman, Vining, 2012)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.  \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e8\u10de 14.34 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 2019 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1.(https:\/\/data.worldbank.org<\/a>). 2009 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 , \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 9%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 2010 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd-\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8. \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0: \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (Mises, 1949; Demsetz, 1967; Schmidt, 1996). \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 (Hardin, 1968). \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10ef\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10ef\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 (Mckenzie, Mookherjee, 2002, Gassner et al., 2008, Kikeri, Nellis, 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4.\u10ec \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 – \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1  \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 (Ostrom, 1990; Leeson, Harris, 2018; Anderson, Hill, 1983; Kerekes, Williamson, 2010). \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 (Rose, 1990, National ResearchCouncil, 2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10de\u10dd\u10da \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0<\/strong>, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. 1974 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d3 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e3\u10d6\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> (Coase, 1974) \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4-20 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 8% (121,420 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8) \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 20-25%-\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (Bronson, 2019). \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (OECD, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. 2010 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 20%-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db 20%-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 90-95% \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 (FAO, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/a>, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, 77%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 (Frydman et al., 1997). \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8,\u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 (Davis et al., 2000) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, 1980-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (Privatizacion Barometer, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0.\u10e8.) (Linowes et al., 1988);\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 (Ramamonjiarivelo et al., 2016); \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 (Ng, Seabright 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3,  \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 (Villalonga, 2000). 153 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, 104 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, 35 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd, \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 14 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 7-8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1), \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea (Kikeri et al., 1992; Megginson et al., 1994).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2018 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 160 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1.  \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd 67 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 2019-2023 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, 2018 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10db, \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10db, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10db. “\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 2018 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 2%-\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 14%-\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 8%-\u10d8\u10d7”. 2013 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 2018 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1 67 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u201c- \u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 – \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 (2016\u10ec) – \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7:   \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0. 2010 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 2011 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10dc\u10e3\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e1\u10d8\u10de \u10e8\u10e1\u10e1-\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0.  2012 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1  \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7. (Hayek, 1991) \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (Bethell, 1999, Megginson, 2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 10%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 (Boardman, Vining, 2012), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1 10%-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, 288 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 2018 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 3,142,692,000 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 168 \u10db\u10da\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7.  \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 2019 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 7%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7), \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 549,654,848.4 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 43% \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 (642.1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 312.9 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0), \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 2 052 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 300-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc (88\u20ac) \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 428 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 (126\u20ac) \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea 2017 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1-\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d4-\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e8\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4-\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (454.5 \u10db\u10da\u10dc \u10db\u00b3) \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d7. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 99 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (300 SEK) \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 879 \u10db\u10da\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 45 \u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 4.5 \u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 10% \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7). \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 2.69\u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 3.2 \u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 6.4%-\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d8 2.5-\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 870 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc 64.8 \u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 (2019 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8) 20 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0-\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 200-500 \u10db\u10da\u10e0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (Gnomon Wise, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10de\u10d8 (2015): \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/info.parliament.ge\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/data.worldbank.org\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/matsne.gov.ge\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Al-Obaidan. (2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bethell. (1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bethell, 1999, Megginson, 2005. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boardman, Vining. (2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bronson. (2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davis et al., 2000. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FAO. (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frydman et al., 1997. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gnomon Wise, 2019. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

greenalt.org. (2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hardin. (1968).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayek. (1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kikeri et al., 1992; Megginson et al., 1994. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linowes et al., 1988. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mckenzie, Mookherjee, 2002, Gassner et al., 2008, Kikeri, Nellis, 2004. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mises, 1949; Demsetz, 1967; Schmidt, 1996. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MIses, Demsetz, Schmidt. (1949, 1967, 1996).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng, Seabright 2001. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OECD. (2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostrom, 1990; Leeson, Harris, 2018; Anderson, Hill, 1983; Kerekes, Williamson, 2010. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plane. (1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Privatizacion Barometer, 2015. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ramamonjiarivelo et al., 2016. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rose, 1990, National ResearchCouncil, 2002. (n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Villalonga, 2000. (n.d.).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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