{"id":3480,"date":"2008-05-28T12:30:55","date_gmt":"2008-05-28T12:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/ge\/?p=3480"},"modified":"2015-06-23T11:17:28","modified_gmt":"2015-06-23T11:17:28","slug":"%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%91%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%a2-%e1%83%94%e1%83%9b%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%a1%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9c-%e1%83%9a%e1%83%a3%e1%83%99%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1%e1%83%98-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=3480","title":{"rendered":"\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4-20 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\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n      \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e6\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea &#8220;the most important book in economics since the war&#8221; (\u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2 \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10d3 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0.<br \/>\n      60-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0-\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; New Deal, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0.<br \/>\n      1963 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 GSIA-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10ef\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n      \u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d0\u10ea, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc Carnegie-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<br \/>\n      Carnegie-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 1929-1958 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n      \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 &#8220;Investment under Uncertainty&#8221;, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 (equilibrium theory) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0.<br \/>\n      \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1971 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0 Carnegie-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e4\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 &#8220;Investment under Uncertainty&#8221; \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d0\u10ea, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 &#8220;Expectations and the Neutrality of Money&#8221; (\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0 1972 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0. 1995 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3 \u10f0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0.<br \/>\n      \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.<br \/>\n      1960 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d9\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10db, \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db, \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10db\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10dd \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10db\u10d0 1971 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n      \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0 1958 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1.<br \/>\n      \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10e0 \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3: \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0:<br \/>\n      U(c)-n<br \/>\n      n &#8211; \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0;<br \/>\n      c &#8211; \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<br \/>\n      \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: <\/p>\n<p>      \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 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\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10ef\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea.<br \/>\n      \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 GPI \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7.<br \/>\n      \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0.<br \/>\n      \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 cash in advance (\u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8). \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8:<br \/>\n      y(s)&gt;c1+c2<br \/>\n      \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea y(s) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd c1 \u10d3\u10d0 c2 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<br \/>\n      \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d0.<br \/>\n      \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e2 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8.<br \/>\n      mt = mt-1 + [g(st) &#8211; 1]mt-1<br \/>\n      \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 1-\u10e1.<br \/>\n       mt-1 =1<br \/>\n      \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<br \/>\n      1974 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0:<br \/>\n       \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 (Monetary theory),<br \/>\n       \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (International-trade),<br \/>\n       \u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 (Fiscal policy),<br \/>\n       \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 (Economic growth). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4-20 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,27],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 - \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/geoeconomics.ge\/?p=3480\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-05-28T12:30:55+00:00\" 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