SCIENCE

FROM THE REDACTION

The Role and Functions of the State Credit in Implementation of a Budgetary Policy by the State
Resume
M. Chincharauli

The role and functions of the state credit are
considered in the work. There are a lot of
different opinions concerning the state credit, including critical ones. In this connection, this problem’s analysis and searching for the ways of solving it represent the main purpose of our article.
Much attention is paid to consideration of one of integral parts of the state credit – state loans. Besides, particularly interesting are the two mutually antithetical approaches to determination of loans’ role in the state finances, which have become a subject for a keen consideration in the recent years: these are both negative and positive qualities of loans.
The significance and results of the state credit’s use in implementation of the budgetary policy by the state are given in the article.
The essence and functions of state loans markets are considered. Attention is paid to such an important problem for the state as correlation of internal and external debts. Quite often covering of the budget deficit takes place at the expense of additional budget revenues, in particular – the state credit, which is economically unjustified for the state. That is why this method should not be the only way of the budget’s financing.

Concerning trustworthyness of social-statistical information
Resume
Rusudan Kinkladze

In the work, which deals with one of important
problems of statistical research of social phe-
nomena – the issues of reliability of social-statistical information at the stage of data obtaining, the topicality of the subject is given, considered are the kinds of mistakes that we encounter (casual and representative), their common and distinctive signs.
Casual mistakes, such as: mistakes related to environmental conditions in carrying of observations; mistakes related to personal features of an observer, interviewer or correspondent; mistakes resulting from a respondent’s personal features originate from both a registrar and a respondent show the observation’s results one-sidedly and cause distortion of the final results, while a representative mistake, casual and systematic one, is characteristic for a selective observation only, the first one of them occurs absolutely accidentally and has an equal probability of increasing (decreasing), besides it usually “disappears” in case of a large number of observations, and for choosing of systematic data it is related to a breach of the chance principle.
From our point of view, the issues considered in the work will render a great assistance to those wishing to carry out a research.
Genesis of Investments’ Theory in the Process of Economic Thought’s Development
Resume
Lamara Kokiauri, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

At all times economists took interest in theoretical problems
related to the role of investment in the economic process
and formation of necessary conditions and mechanisms of investment activities. Investments, as a subject of scientific analysis, form a special system of theoretical knowledge integrating conclusions of investment theories of many generations of scientists. A deep genesis of investments’ theory is related to scientific postulates of practically all schools and trends of economic thought.
In particular, a considerable process in the development of investments’ theory is related to the research of the school of mercantilists, physiocrats, classical political economy, with the system of Marxist economic doctrine of marginalists. Synthesis of classical and marginalist investment theories was undertaken by the representatives of the neoclassical trend of economic thought. A cardinal turn in the macroeconomic investment theory was made by the representatives of Keynesian doctrine of economic thought – by D. Keynes and his numerous followers. And at last, the basic conclusions of neoclassical, Keynesian, monetary and institutional economic doctrines were generalized and practically concretized in the modern synthesis of the investment theory.
3. A model of investment behavior of an enterprise is also considered in the article. Studying of fundamentals of formation of enterprises’ investment behavior is a necessary condition for elaboration of effective management decisions in the system of investment activities. A model of investment behavior characterizes the theoretical concept of the motivation system of management subjects prompting them to implement investment activities at all its stages and in all forms.

Legalization of Illegal Incomes
Resume
Irakli Kogua

Iraki Kogua’s scientific article deals with a very relevant problem
– legalization of illegal incomes, which admittedly is one of the
most dangerous social phenomena of the XXI century, since illegal incomes have turned into financial basis of organized crime and terrorism.
In the opinion of the article’s author, legalization of illegal incomes disrupts the balance of market forces and gives advantage to the subjects that use criminal methods of competitive struggle, and conscientious persons are forced out from the market.
Besides, legalization affects a wide spectrum of public relations, which, in the opinion of the article’s author, stipulates for the difficulty in struggle against this social phenomenon. First of all, the difficulty is related to establishing of exact parameters of this corpus delicti. In this context the author touched upon such problems as scientific determination of money laundering notion, its social threat, he cites to the opinions of famous theorist scientists on this issue.
In the process of scientific research, the analysis of stages, plans and methods of money laundering was made, adduced are the basic documents of international rule-making bodies for ensuring efficient control over movement of money flows and capital, perfection of the international cooperation.
Scientific and practical meaning of the work is determined by the analysis of the current legislation and provisions and conclusions stated in it, which can be later applied in further examination of the problem of legalization of funds and other property obtained in criminal way.