Employed population of Georgia and increase of its qualification level in 1939-1959 (ABSTRACT)

Tamar Antadze

Employed population of Georgia and increase of its qualification level in 1939-1959

Tamar Antadze
In 1939 and 1959 main social layers were represented by workers, service staff and collective farmers. From 1939 to 1959 the ratio of workers increased from 19, 5% to 31, 7% in the whole population, while that of service staff from 17, 2% to 24%. Increase of workers’ ratio was related to industrialization process whereas that of service staff was linked to current processes. This social layer represented an extremely complex conglomerate whose diverse components sharply differed from each other. The ratio of collective farmers’ social layer was down from 52, 7% to 44% as move of young collective farmers to the social layers of workers or service personnel was so great that it failed to be covered by the completion of the collectivization process.
Employees of manufacturing branches exceeded service staff by 7-8 times in 1939 and only by 4, 9 times in 1959.
From 1939 to 1959 move of workers, service staff and families of collective farmers to the group of employed population entailed change in the distribution of population in accordance with subsistence means. The changes were stipulated by the end of forced social reforms in Georgia. The ratio of pensioners and scholars also grew in this period.
In 1939-1959 the general census of population revealed spheres of occupation of which 24 ones fell at the share of manual labour and 16 ? at the share of mental work. During this period the number of employees reduced in 6 spheres. The largest decrease – 14 thousand employees ? fell at agricultural sector. The number of employees in other spheres was more or less increased.
The extent of using employed population’s abilities depended on its educational level. From 1939 to 1959 illiteracy was eradicated in the age groups of 9-49. System of manpower reserves included the lowest-grade institutes. The number of technical schools and institutes grew.
Before and during the patriotic war mass recruitment of men entailed mass employment of women in their places. The number of fallen soldiers was 300 thousand, i.e. 9% of the whole population. Hence, after the demobilization a large part of women remained in the group of employed population.