Foreign Experience in State Control of Employment and the Ways of Solving the Problems Related to it in Georgia

Nino Paresashvili

The employment policy is related to the economic situation of the country, current structural changes in the economy, the changes in the demand for volume and quality of the workforce. Proceeding from the scale of economic development, national governments by various means influence the two important aspects: the condition of economic development and the level of service development.

One of the directions of employment securing is creation of jobs in the same sector by the state by means special programs.
Various economic levers are used in different countries with the purpose of employment regulation. For instance, in the US the state regulates the demand in workforce by means of state purchases, subsidies, as well as tax and credit policy.
Studying of the experience of the developed countries has shown that labor market is one of the main integral parts of the general market economic mechanism. It gives an opportunity to effectively use the labor potential and create competitive environment at working places, and correspondingly promotes increasing the number of skilled workers. Labor market also contributes to increasing of workforce mobility and, correspondingly, spreading of alternative employment forms.
State employment program should be based on the state employment policy. The objective of this policy is a combination of full, effective, and free employment, which should be implemented by means of vocational training, raising of the skill level, retraining of redundant people, eradication of prolonged (chronic) unemployment, raising of state employment service, and based on realization of measures aimed at social protection of citizens on the labor market.
We consider it expedient to create a united state public assistance fund which will render public assistance to invalids, single old people, unemployed unwed mothers who rear under age children, and adolescents. Other categories will get public assistance in the form of pecuniary aid during a limited period of time (2 months); in two months the person should be employed in some sphere.
Utilization of the experience of the developed western countries, taking into account Georgia’s specificity as well as social, political and cultural traditions of the country, can be of great use for overcoming unemployment and effective solution of the employment problem