Unemployment Problem and high Education System of Georgia

FROM THE REDACTION

According to official dates, 14 per cent capacity of work population of Georgia suffers unemployment (table 1).

That is officially, but non- officially will focus on much more unemployment number and approach one million. Troubled statistics of unemployment in Georgia will come across more hardships in June.
According to the dates of Ministry of Education and Science, about 62 000 teenagers finish school this years, and just 15 444 of them will enter high schools, what will go with 47 000 young people? Are there any alternative ways for them? Or they will join unemployed army? In addition with high –school graduators, number of which include 35 000 and part of them ought to be employed, so unemployment level of Georgia will jump up with several tens of thousands, according to logical calculations.
Well-qualification cadres grow and employee of young people is a problem not just hitting our country. Young people employee problem strikes theEuropean in parallel of massive illegal workers and non capacity of work employee. EU member countries face unemployed young people double excel number against general unemployment with 18 per cent. The resolving of the problems is about the most priority agenda, and needs radical reforms providing. Experts believe balance of job market elasticity and employee perspective will effect while fast technical progress and global communication ongoing condition in the world.
While talking about education and employee of young people by the modern trends, several dilemmas appear:
Despite teenagers number finishing schools increase and world faces much grow investing into the issue, illiteracy remains a one of the biggest problem.
Why most of high –school graduators suffer unemployment during several month or years, when business searches for qualification staffers?
Why more and more young come to the unhealthy life (drugs, drinks, aggression), when more and more organizations are founding, as inside the country so on international level for battling the problems?
The issues are among the agenda especially at low developed counties, and the Georgian is not exception. There are several strategy steps towards reforms providing:
Education level improving, human capacity widening and employee maintain.
Involving of young in any process. They should feel their opinion and position importance while resolutions making.
Teenager needs concerning knowledge and capacities to become skilled worker, good parent and just responsible citizen. Study and education providing is needed everywhere –at home, school, job, but indeed, school bears huge importance concerning the issue.
Despite of developing counties face positive results of reforms providing at elementary schools, that is not enough. Skilled capacity and knowledge remains strongly needed.
Preparation of kid to the next stage is necessary. What mentions concerning capacity earning for the second and high steps. Practical subjects, thinking, behave; self- control should be among teaching subjects. Skilled teachers are necessary. Global economy, social –cultural and technology changes brought lots of counties to the education reform providing from below necessary, aiming modern education level establishment for the young generation. Main part of the reforms is professional training. Active involving of pupil into the education process is also important. The government should support educating programs and trainings providing and development in the country.
For creaking down on the unemployment education level improvement and job market related skills development are necessary. What is done for that? What are the directions of high- education system reforms?
Bologna Process
Dealing of EU member counties concerning education sphere is directed to common European education space creation. The issue was firstly risen by France, G.B. Germany and Italy Ministers of Education at the anniversary of Sorbonne University, in 1998 and called on EU member countries for educating space teaming up. The document is known with the names of:”Sorbonne Declaration”. Part of EU member counties joined Sorbonne Declaration via Sorbonne Declaration. The statute of the declaration had been spread and improved by the Ministers of Education of Bologna process participator counties in 2003 at Prague and in 2003 Berlin communities. Georgia was acknowledged as Bologna process participator by Ministers of Education of forty countries and international organizations at Bergen summit, Norway, on May 19-20, 2005. Reform of Georgia education system reform under Bologna process was appreciated in 2007. Five scores estimation took place according to 11 indicators, and Georgia gained high scores in: three stage system of academy degrees (bachelor, master and doctorate) and European credits establishment; high education quality improvement. Incredible event is that Georgia gained no one negative score.
What does Bologna Process mean?
Every wishes multi –opportunity of employee having as on local so on international jobs market. But quality high education, mobility, acknowledgment of qualification and competitive capacity are necessary issues. Bologna process aims common European space creation for 2010. Process participators are 46 counties, European Commission, Euro Council and organizations: European Association of Degree Supplement, National Unites of Student in Europe, Professional High Education Association, Association of European Universities and UNESCO –SEPES. In conjunction with yearly summits of ministers, Bologna Secretary, Committees and Council providing. There are four working teams: social and outside issues, results estimation and European qualifications. All these prologues supervise and controls fulfilling of Bologna process 10 basic tasks. The tasks are following:
. Easy understandable and comparable qualifications.
. Three stage system (BA, MA, PhD)
. Credit scores system (ECTS)
. Mobility
. Degree maintain and accreditation
. Attraction of European system
. High –schools and students
. Lifetime study
. European measures in high Education system.
. Education and skills tight up.
Bologna process includes following levels: international level, national level –Bologna process supporter team, institutional level –degree maintain service.
Terminology and trend, established by Bologna process: human, social, cultural, moral capital, knowledge based society; decentralization; mystification; internationalization; profesionalization; individualization; self- employee capacity and solid development.
Knowledge importance in modern society and eight key competences:
1. Communication capacity on mother –language;
2. Communication capacity on foreign language;
3. Base knowledge of math, sciences and technologies;
4. Digital competence;
5. Study for study;
6. Civil interpersonal competences;
7. Production competence;
8. Cultural self–presentation.
Credit system of bologna process:
European Credits Transfer and Selecting (ECTS) system was established in 1989, under EU program ERASMUS frames. It meantions yearly 60 credits separation for students and 30 credits in a term. One credit includes 25-30 hours, what means 40 hours – 1,5 credit per week.
Diploma enclosure is one of most basic elements of Bologna process; it` s given out together with diploma absolutely freely, on international language. It includes qualification content, level, context and status:
. Diploma enclosure is easy to understand and comparable abroad;
. Includes complete information on competence of the student and his (her) achievements;
. Makes easy keep continue studying abroad and working opportunity;
. Increases opportunities of student ` s employment – diploma enclosure includes most interesting profile about student for the employer.
At the Bologna process Berlin summit (2003) The Ministers determined participator instances and organizations responsibility, agreed on programs and inter and outward factors of institutions, participation and results publishing of the student, accreditation, license and the same sort of procedures foundation, international participations and cooperation.
National frame of qualifications and their 5 sort description:
1. Load –credits;
2. Level –bachelor, master, PhD.
3. Study result –knowledge, capacity and competences following the study completing.
4. Competence –cognitive, functional, personal, ethic –competence ought to be related to the qualification. Qualification level is competence depended.
5. Profile –humanitarian, technical and ect.
The next conference of Bologna process held in London on May 17-18, Georgian delegation was among the participants. Ministers of Education of 46 counties signed up “London Communiqué’ including acting priorities of 2007 -2009.
. Three stage education system maintain (BA, MA, PhD);
. Mobility of student and academy personal is one of Bologna process basic priorities. Creaking down on mobility hinder causes, loan system development, visas and working abroad right gaining easy.
. Making high –education equally approachable;
. Concerning conditions creating for the students, for not coming across economy or social problems before the education process completing;
. Job market demand determination, what mentions potentional personal involving into education programs creating, preferable applicants determining on any professions.
According to Bologna process claims, Georgia passes on the second stage of education reforms providing. Following organization reforms completing, quality improvement and closing to the west universities program takes advantage. License Service and National Agency of Professional Accreditation are creating. The competence of includes national system of education quality closing to European standards. But let` s review existed condition before – what suggests high –education system of Georgia to the students?

–The first part of the reforms –competitions, professors selecting and structural reorganization is already being realized, “minor” and “major” education systems are based. Step of program accreditation takes advantage. Programs reviewed on the faculties first and are sent abroad after. For instance, reviewed programs of the economy faculty will be sent to the George Washington University for checking, according to inter- cooperation memorandum. But American experts involving into master `s program curriculums preparation is scheduled. The same sort of steps will provide Georgia education system coming closer to the west programs.
Prestigious high- schools like: Black Sea International University, Caucasus University, ESM –Tbilisi, Georgian –American University, are separated from the other high- schools with high level equipment material –technical base, mostly closed programs to the west standards, tight relationship to different universities, what gives real chance for the students keeping g continue studying abroad and the most basic is –graduators employee level faces higher number.
But attraction is one side and the other is the opportunity, many Georgians are not available yearly paying 5000 Lari or 12 000 Lari. Moreover, state high –schools vouchers price expected to be increased, what may be created into inescapable, in the opposite will lose their competitive ability against other high –schools. Educations gets more and more expensive in Georgia, and the trend faces applicants number yearly reduction –while passing United National Exams about 28 000 pupil become students on the first year, and 17 000 recent year, but the number reduces up to 15 000 this year. That means high –education is less and less accessible in our country, meanwhile the opposite is faced –potential students number climbs up, is last grade includes about 62 000 pupil, 10-th grade includes 66 000.
Is there any way out?
When the country suffers unemployment and entrepreneurs complain sufficiency of skilled staffers, professional education system providing and development out to assist these both problems resolving. Legislative base is already existing –“Law on Professional Education”, signed up by the president on March 28, 2007.
In the conditions of soviet order –administration economy, when vacancies were claimed by the planning committee and not market demand, professional –technical schools presented something like blind alley. And graduators’ had just the opportunity of working at general schools on the teacher positions, having not ability of after re-training and advancing after.
On the early of market economy transmitting period, the government considered as non –priority professional education –preparation profession structures and educating content or normative base non –refreshment, what negatively influenced on education process and quality, bringing professional education prestige to the zero point.
Professional education system of Georgia starts new stage of development. Law on “Professional Education” meets the tasks faced by the county current social –economy condition. Professional education will play a huge role for free market principles based economy system development and population employee process: “The law aims professional education function and place determination in the country, professional education creating, meeting the claims of fast and constantly risen job market,” –tells the law preface (chapter I, purview No: I). New type of professional education creating, with new infrastructure, high level education, education –production partners are among the agenda. What mentions active involve of education instance employer, organization or other interested in officials into professional education planning and handling process. Orientation on job market claims is also important, modern trends of economy development determination, population maintain transfer on new social- economy conditions, own business running or self- employment –professional education goal includes all these.
International sort of economy development, fast way globalization raise demand of any reform and changes, including professional preparation process providing and content accordance with international norms, and first of all with European ones. Correspondence skilled workers existence will partly provide background for invitations attraction. According to Economy development of Georgia, Statistics Department dates, direct invetitions number in Georgia faced USD 1, 140 increase on 2006, comparing with USD 450 million in 2005, what certainly provides vacancies creation and increased demand on skilled workers.
Professional education applicants may appeal to the specially created professional centers for any determinations receiving. Consultations are approachable for pupils, professional students and students, concerning professional education opportunities, future profession and employment conditions. Professional Education Centers collaborate with employers for professional orientation realizing (chapter I, purview No: 7)
The sorts of professional education include: institutional education and professional high education, which may be formal and non –formal. Formal professional education is provided at professional education accredited schools, confirming corresponding qualification and giving out confirm document on the education. Non –formal education is not provided in accordance with accredited education program and not giving out state acknowledged education confirm document.
Institutional education may be received just following general basis stage completing. And professional high education receiving is just able following complete general education course completing. Georgia presents 11 professional centers and 66 professional educating instances for today.
Managing branches of professional education include: the government of Georgia, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labor, Healthcare and Social Protection, plenipotentiary Ministries of Education of Abkhazia and Adjara Autonomous Republics, local self –governing branches, National Professional Agency, National Center of Education Accreditation, Professional Development Center of Teachers –dealing in professional education sphere on education –production principles bases.